Electron-cloud Benchmarking and Care-hhh Codes

Abstract The state-of-the-art in code benchmarking for various types of electron-cloud simulations is reviewed. In particular, we recall possible meanings of benchmarking, summarize past and more recent code comparisons, present examples of code verification against machine experiments, mention some remaining uncertainties, and formulate a few goals for the future. The code-benchmarking effort is supported by the CARE-HHH initiative on accelerator physics simulation codes, whose further objectives include a web repository and code expansion.